Optical Flow Constraints on Deformable Models with Applications to Face Tracking
International Journal of Computer Vision
Analyzing Facial Expressions for Virtual Conferencing
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Recognizing Lower Face Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Online face analysis: coupling head pose-tracking with face expression analysis
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia
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To study eyebrow behavior from video sequences we utilize a new image analysis technique based on an anatomical-mathematical motion model. This technique conceives the eyebrow as a single curved object (arch) that is subject to the deformation due to muscular interactions. The action model defines the simplified 2D (vertical and horizontal) displacements of the arch. Our video analysis algorithm recovers the needed data from the arch representation to deduce the parameters that deformed the proposed model. The present technique is meant to suit real-time requirements and to work under uncontrolled environments: without specific known lighting or special markers on the face, by using only computer vision and image processing methods.