Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Performance-driven hand-drawn animation
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Animated deformations with radial basis functions
VRST '00 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Facial Expression Space Learning
PG '02 Proceedings of the 10th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Layered acting for character animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Radial Basis Functions
Animatable facial reflectance fields
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
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When done correctly, a digitally recorded facial performance is an accurate measurement of the performer's motions. As such it reflects all the idiosyncrasies of the performer. However, often the digital character that needs to be animated is not a digital replica of the performer. In this case, the decision to use performance capture might be motivated by cost issues, the desire to use a favorite actor regardless of the intended character, or the desire to portray an older, younger, or otherwise altered version of the actor. The many incarnations of Tom Hanks in Polar Express illustrate several of these scenarios.