Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Automatic Interpretation and Coding of Face Images Using Flexible Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Expressive expression mapping with ratio images
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Generating realistic facial expressions with wrinkles for model-based coding
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
ACCV '98 Proceedings of the Third Asian Conference on Computer Vision-Volume I - Volume I
Sample-Based Synthesis of Photo-Realistic Talking Heads
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
MPEG-4 Compatible Faces from Orthogonal Photos
CA '99 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Facial Analysis and Synthesis Using Image-Based Models
FG '96 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG '96)
Coding Facial Expressions with Gabor Wavelets
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
MPEG-4 facial animation technology: survey, implementation, and results
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Real-time speech-driven face animation with expressions using neural networks
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Facial expressional image synthesis controlled by emotional parameters
Pattern Recognition Letters
A similarity-based neural network for facial expression analysis
Pattern Recognition Letters
Facial Expression Synthesis Using PAD Emotional Parameters for a Chinese Expressive Avatar
ACII '07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Automatic design of a control interface for a synthetic face
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Customer-dependent storytelling tool with authoring and viewing functions
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: intelligent multimodal interaction environments
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Human face plays a crucial role in interpersonal communication. If we synthesize vivid expressional face in cyberspace, we could make the interaction between computer and human more natural and friendly. In this paper, we present a simple methodology for mimicking realistic face by manipulating emotional states. Compared with traditional methods of facial expression synthesis, our approach takes three advantages at the same time. They are (1) generating facial expressions under quantitative control of emotional states, (2) rendering shape and illumination changes on face simultaneously and (3) synthesizing expressional face for any new person by only utilizing a neutral face image. We have discussed the implementation method in the paper and demonstrated the effects of our approach by using a series of interesting experiments, such as predicting unseen expressions for an unfamiliar person, simulating one's facial expressions with someone else's style, extracting pure emotional expressions from the admixtures.