Advanced real-time collaboration over the internet
VRST '00 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Hidden Markov Model Inversion for Audio-to-Visual Conversion in an MPEG-4 Facial Animation System
Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems
Texture Extraction and Blending without Prior Knowledge of Lighting Conditions
PCM '02 Proceedings of the Third IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Animating Arbitrary Topology 3D Facial Model Using the MPEG-4 FaceDefTables
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
Emotional facial expression model building
Pattern Recognition Letters
Creating and Animating Personalized Head Models from Digital Photographs and Video
Programming and Computing Software
Facial expressional image synthesis controlled by emotional parameters
Pattern Recognition Letters
Generating personalized anatomy-based 3D facial models from scanned data
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
Facial motion cloning with radial basis functions in MPEG-4 FBA
Graphical Models
Three-dimensional facial adaptation for MPEG-4 talking heads
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Multispace behavioral model for face-based affective social agents
Journal on Image and Video Processing
3D face model reconstruction from single 2D frontal image
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry
Anatomy-based face reconstruction for animation using multi-layer deformation
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
3D face texture stitching based on differential coordinates
Transactions on edutainment VI
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MPEG-4 is scheduled to become an International Standard in March 1999. This paper demonstrates an experiment for a virtual cloning method and animation system, which is compatible with the MPEG-4 standard facial object specification. Our method uses orthogonal photos (front and side view) as input and reconstructs the 3D facial model. The method is based on extracting MPEG-4 face definition parameters (FDP) from photos, which initializes a custom face in a more capable interface, and deforming a generic model. Texture mapping is employed using an image composed of the two orthogonal images, which is done completely automatically. A reconstructed head can be animated immediately inside our animation system, which is adapted to the MPEG-4 standard specification of face animation parameters (FAP). The result is integrated into our virtual human director (VHD) system.