The role of emotion in believable agents
Communications of the ACM
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Layered compositing of facial expression
ACM SIGGRAPH 97 Visual Proceedings: The art and interdisciplinary programs of SIGGRAPH '97
Personality-rich believable agents that use language
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Cognitive modeling: knowledge, reasoning and planning for intelligent characters
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
BEAT: the Behavior Expression Animation Toolkit
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A multilayer personality model
Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Smart graphics
MPEG-4: A Multimedia Standard for the Third Millennium, Part 1
IEEE MultiMedia
IEEE MultiMedia
Towards Personalities for Animated Agents with Reactive and Planning Behaviors
Creating Personalities for Synthetic Actors, Towards Autonomous Personality Agents
MPEG-4 Compatible Faces from Orthogonal Photos
CA '99 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Language-Driven Nonverbal Communication in a Bilingual Conversational Agent
CASA '03 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA 2003)
Facial actions as visual cues for personality: Research Articles
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - CASA 2006
Computational Affective Sociology
Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction
ADML: a framework for representing inhabitants in 3D virtual worlds
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on 3D Web Technology
Intelligent Expression-Based Character Agent Systems
IVA '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
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This paper describes a behavioral model for affective social agents based on three independent but interacting parameter spaces: knowledge, personality, and mood. These spaces control a lower-level geometry space that provides parameters at the facial feature level. Personality and mood use findings in behavioral psychology to relate the perception of personality types and emotional states to the facial actions and expressions through two-dimensional models for personality and emotion. Knowledge encapsulates the tasks to be performed and the decision-making process using a specially designed XML-based language. While the geometry space provides an MPEG-4 compatible set of parameters for low-level control, the behavioral extensions available through the triple spaces provide flexible means of designing complicated personality types, facial expression, and dynamic interactive scenarios.