Attention, intentions, and the structure of discourse
Computational Linguistics
High level knowledge sources in usable speech recognition systems
Communications of the ACM
User models in dialog systems
TINA: a natural language system for spoken language applications
Computational Linguistics
Fundamentals of speech recognition
Fundamentals of speech recognition
Intelligent multimedia interfaces
Intelligent multimedia interfaces
The role of voice in human-machine communication
Voice communication between humans and machines
State of the art in continuous speech recognition
Voice communication between humans and machines
The roles of language processing in a spoken language interface
Voice communication between humans and machines
Integration of speech with natural language understanding
Voice communication between humans and machines
User Interfaces for voice applications
Voice communication between humans and machines
New trends in natural language processing: statistical natural language processing
Voice communication between humans and machines
Natural language understanding (2nd ed.)
Natural language understanding (2nd ed.)
Spoken natural language dialog systems: a practical approach
Spoken natural language dialog systems: a practical approach
ISSD-93 Selected papers presented at the international symposium on Spoken dialogue
Directory assistance automation in Bell Canada: trial results
Speech Communication - Special issue on interactive voice technology for telecommunication applications
The Philips automatic train timetable information system
Speech Communication - Special issue on interactive voice technology for telecommunication applications
Designing SpeechActs: issues in speech user interfaces
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Assessing agreement on classification tasks: the kappa statistic
Computational Linguistics
Systematic design of spoken prompts
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Survey of the state of the art in human language technology
Survey of the state of the art in human language technology
Survey of the state of the art in human language technology
Experiments with a spoken dialogue system for taking the US census
Speech Communication
A methodology for diagnostic evaluation of spoken human-machine dialogue
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Designing Interactive Speech Systems: From First Ideas to User Testing
Designing Interactive Speech Systems: From First Ideas to User Testing
Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition
Computational Linguistics
A process model for recognizing communicative acts and modeling negotiation subdialogues
Computational Linguistics
An architecture for a generic dialogue shell
Natural Language Engineering
Building applied natural language generation systems
Natural Language Engineering
Intonational boundaries, speech repairs and discourse markers: modeling spoken dialog
ACL '98 Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and Eighth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
PARADISE: a framework for evaluating spoken dialogue agents
ACL '98 Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and Eighth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Providing a unified account of definite noun phrases in discourse
ACL '83 Proceedings of the 21st annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Gemini: a natural language system for spoken-language understanding
ACL '93 Proceedings of the 31st annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Evaluating discourse processing algorithms
ACL '89 Proceedings of the 27th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Discourse obligations in dialogue processing
ACL '94 Proceedings of the 32nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
A robust system for natural spoken dialogue
ACL '96 Proceedings of the 34th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Automatic optimization of dialogue management
COLING '00 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
BBN BYBLOS and HARC February 1992 ATIS benchmark results
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Fragment processing in the DELPHI system
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
PROFER: predictive, robust finite-state parsing for spoken language
ICASSP '99 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02
ARTIMIS: natural dialogue meets rational agency
IJCAI'97 Proceedings of the Fifteenth international joint conference on Artifical intelligence - Volume 2
Generality and objectivity: central issues in putting a dialogue evaluation tool into practical use
ISDS '97 Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems on Bringing Speech and NLP Together in Real Applications
Performance measures for the next generation of spoken natural language dialog systems
ISDS '97 Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems on Bringing Speech and NLP Together in Real Applications
A model for the conversation multimodal man-machine: integration of speech and action
Proceedings of the Latin American conference on Human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on Documentation
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Evaluating discourse understanding in spoken dialogue systems
ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing (TSLP)
Call for a public-domain SpeechWeb
Communications of the ACM
Formalising Control in Robust Spoken Dialogue Systems
SEFM '05 Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods
Bridging the gap between dialogue management and dialogue models
SIGDIAL '02 Proceedings of the 3rd SIGdial workshop on Discourse and dialogue - Volume 2
Evaluating users' reactions to human-like interfaces
From brows to trust
Knowledge and Information Systems
Designing help topics for use with text-to-speech
SIGDOC '06 Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM international conference on Design of communication
From vocal to multimodal dialogue management
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Word graph based speech rcognition error correction by handwriting input
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
A speech recognition and synthesis tool
Proceedings of the 44th annual Southeast regional conference
An architecture and applications for speech-based accessibility systems
IBM Systems Journal
Chester: towards a personal medication advisor
Journal of Biomedical Informatics - Special issue: Dialog systems for health communications
Talking robots with LEGO MindStorms
COLING '04 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics
Promoting extension and reuse in a spoken dialog manager: An evaluation of the queen's communicator
ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing (TSLP)
Stochastic discourse modeling in spoken dialogue systems using semantic dependency graphs
COLING-ACL '06 Proceedings of the COLING/ACL on Main conference poster sessions
Discovering Cues to Error Detection in Speech Recognition Output: A User-Centered Approach
Journal of Management Information Systems
Ontology-based speech act identification in a bilingual dialog system using partial pattern trees
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Compositional specification and realisation of mixed-initiative web dialogs
International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology
Bootstrapping spoken dialogue systems by exploiting reusable libraries
Natural Language Engineering
Evaluation of pause intervals between haptic/audio cues and subsequent speech information
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Engineering of Software-Intensive Systems: State of the Art and Research Challenges
Software-Intensive Systems and New Computing Paradigms
The RavenClaw dialog management framework: Architecture and systems
Computer Speech and Language
Natural Language Engineering
Different measurements metrics to evaluate a chatbot system
NAACL-HLT-Dialog '07 Proceedings of the Workshop on Bridging the Gap: Academic and Industrial Research in Dialog Technologies
Taking Control of Redundancy in Scripted Tutorial Dialogue
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
Adaptive Interfaces for People with Special Needs
IWANN '09 Proceedings of the 10th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks: Part II: Distributed Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Bioinformatics, Soft Computing, and Ambient Assisted Living
Prototyping Dialogues with Midiki: An Information State Update Dialogue Manager
TSD '09 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue
Daisie: Information State Dialogues for Situated Systems
TSD '09 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue
Graph-based partial hypothesis fusion for pen-aided speech input
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing - Special issue on multimodal processing in speech-based interactions
A computational model of multi-modal grounding for human robot interaction
SigDIAL '06 Proceedings of the 7th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue
Auditory accessibility of metadata in books: a design for all approach
UAHCI'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Universal access in human-computer interaction: applications and services
Natural demonstration of manipulation skills for multimodal interactive robots
UAHCI'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Universal access in human-computer interaction: ambient interaction
Finger instead of mouse: touch screens as a means of enhancing universal access
ERCIM'02 Proceedings of the User interfaces for all 7th international conference on Universal access: theoretical perspectives, practice, and experience
Context-aware information agents for the automotive domain using Bayesian networks
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Human interface: Part I
Logic-based rhetorical structuring for natural language generation in human-computer dialogue
TSD'07 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Text, speech and dialogue
Hybrid knowledge modeling for ambient intelligence
ERCIM'06 Proceedings of the 9th conference on User interfaces for all
User profiles for adapting speech support in the opera web browser to disabled users
ERCIM'06 Proceedings of the 9th conference on User interfaces for all
Talking NPCs in a virtual game world
ACLDemos '10 Proceedings of the ACL 2010 System Demonstrations
Route instructions in map-based human-human and human-computer dialogue: A comparative analysis
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Hybrid user intention modeling to diversify dialog simulations
Computer Speech and Language
Empirical studies on programming language stimuli
Software Quality Control
IEA/AIE'10 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Industrial engineering and other applications of applied intelligent systems - Volume Part II
Intuition as instinctive dialogue
Computing with instinct
ISNN'11 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Advances in neural networks - Volume Part II
A framework for rapid multimodal application design
TSD'05 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue
A novel use of VXML to construct a speech browser for a public-domain speechweb
AI'05 Proceedings of the 18th Canadian Society conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Combining speech user interfaces of different applications
PIT'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international tutorial and research conference on Perception and Interactive Technologies
Modelling illocutionary structure: combining empirical studies with formal model analysis
CICLing'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing
Voice control in smart homes using distant microphones: a VoiceXML-Based approach
AmI'11 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Ambient Intelligence
An experimental speech to graphics system
CHINZ '02 Proceedings of the SIGCHI-NZ Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction
Classification of emotional speech using 3DEC hierarchical classifier
Speech Communication
Supporting the wizard: interface improvements in Wizard of Oz studies
BCS-HCI '11 Proceedings of the 25th BCS Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Towards situated collaboration
SDCTD '12 NAACL-HLT Workshop on Future Directions and Needs in the Spoken Dialog Community: Tools and Data
KI'12 Proceedings of the 35th Annual German conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Classification Method for Learning Morpheme Analysis
Journal of Information Technology Research
Towards a user experience design framework for adaptive spoken dialogue in automotive contexts
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
Intelligent virtual humans with autonomy and personality: State-of-the-art
Intelligent Decision Technologies
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Spoken dialogue systems allow users to interact with computer-based applications such as databases and expert systems by using natural spoken language. The origins of spoken dialogue systems can be traced back to Artificial Intelligence research in the 1950s concerned with developing conversational interfaces. However, it is only within the last decade or so, with major advances in speech technology, that large-scale working systems have been developed and, in some cases, introduced into commercial environments. As a result many major telecommunications and software companies have become aware of the potential for spoken dialogue technology to provide solutions in newly developing areas such as computer-telephony integration. Voice portals, which provide a speech-based interface between a telephone user and Web-based services, are the most recent application of spoken dialogue technology. This article describes the main components of the technology---speech recognition, language understanding, dialogue management, communication with an external source such as a database, language generation, speech synthesis---and shows how these component technologies can be integrated into a spoken dialogue system. The article describes in detail the methods that have been adopted in some well-known dialogue systems, explores different system architectures, considers issues of specification, design, and evaluation, reviews some currently available dialogue development toolkits, and outlines prospects for future development.