Portability of syntax and semantics in DATALOG
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Attention, intentions, and the structure of discourse
Computational Linguistics
Modeling the user's plans and goals
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on user modeling
High level knowledge sources in usable speech recognition systems
Communications of the ACM
The berkeley UNIX consultant project
Computational Linguistics
A voice- and touch-driven natural language editor and its performance
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
A computational model of expectation-driven mixed-initiative dialog processing
A computational model of expectation-driven mixed-initiative dialog processing
TINA: a natural language system for spoken language applications
Computational Linguistics
Spoken natural language dialog systems: a practical approach
Spoken natural language dialog systems: a practical approach
An architecture for voice dialog systems based on prolog-style theorem proving
Computational Linguistics
The repair of speech act misunderstandings by abductive inference
Computational Linguistics
Developing a natural language interface to complex data
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
An English language question answering system for a large relational database
Communications of the ACM
The effects of restricted vocabulary size on voice interactive discourse structure
The effects of restricted vocabulary size on voice interactive discourse structure
User studies and the design of natural language systems
EACL '89 Proceedings of the fourth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Plan revision in person-machine dialogue
EACL '89 Proceedings of the fourth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Toward a plan-based understanding model for mixed-initiative dialogues
ACL '91 Proceedings of the 29th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Detecting and correcting speech repairs
ACL '94 Proceedings of the 32nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Mixed initiative in dialogue: an investigation into discourse segmentation
ACL '90 Proceedings of the 28th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Mechanisms for mixed-initiative human-computer collaborative discourse
ACL '96 Proceedings of the 34th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Modeling negotiation subdialogues
ACL '92 Proceedings of the 30th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Cues and control in expert-client dialogues
ACL '88 Proceedings of the 26th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Spoken dialogue technology: enabling the conversational user interface
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A Computational Mechanism for Initiative in Answer Generation
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Lessons learned in modeling schizophrenic and depressed responsive virtual humans for training
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
The rôle of natural language processing in alternative and augmentative communication
Natural Language Engineering
PARADISE: a framework for evaluating spoken dialogue agents
ACL '98 Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and Eighth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Reconciling initiative and discourse structure
SIGDIAL '01 Proceedings of the Second SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue - Volume 16
The PARADISE Evaluation Framework: Issues and Findings
Computational Linguistics
Lexical and syntactic priming and their impact in deployed spoken dialog systems
NAACL-Short '09 Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Companion Volume: Short Papers
ISDS '97 Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems on Bringing Speech and NLP Together in Real Applications
Dealing with interpretation errors in tutorial dialogue
SIGDIAL '09 Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference: The 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
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This paper presents an analysis of the dialogue structure of actual human-computer interactions. The 141 dialogues analyzed were produced from experiments with a variable initiative spoken natural language dialogue system organized around the paradigm of the Missing Axiom Theory for language use. Results about utterance classification into subdialogues, frequency of user-initiated subdialogue transitions, regularity of subdialogue transitions, frequency of linguistic control shifts, and frequency of user-initiated error corrections are presented. These results indicate there are differences in user behavior and dialogue structure as a function of the computer's level of initiative. Furthermore, they provide evidence that a spoken natural language dialogue system must be capable of varying its level of initiative in order to facilitate effective interaction with users of varying levels of expertise and experience.