Planning english referring expressions
Artificial Intelligence - Lecture notes in computer science 178
Discourse strategies for generating natural-language text
Artificial Intelligence
Natural language generation systems
Natural language generation systems
Semantic-head-driven generation
Computational Linguistics
A flexible interface for linking applications to Penman's sentence generator
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Current research in natural language generation
Current research in natural language generation
Software engineering (3rd ed.): a practitioner's approach
Software engineering (3rd ed.): a practitioner's approach
Automated discourse generation using discourse structure relations
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on natural language processing
Intelligent multimedia interfaces
Intelligent multimedia interfaces
The Philips automatic train timetable information system
Speech Communication - Special issue on interactive voice technology for telecommunication applications
New Concepts in Natural Language Generation: Planning, Realization and Systems
New Concepts in Natural Language Generation: Planning, Realization and Systems
Aspects of Automated Natural Language Generation: Sixth International Workshop, Trento, Italy, April 5-7, 1992: Proceedings
A Practical Guide to Knowledge Acquisition
A Practical Guide to Knowledge Acquisition
Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence and Computational Linguistics
Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence and Computational Linguistics
Using Natural-Language Processing to Produce Weather Forecasts
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
Automatic Letter Composition for Customer Service
IAAI '91 Proceedings of the The Third Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Aggregation in Natural Language Generation
EWNLG '93 Selected papers from the Fourth European Workshop on Trends in Natural Language Generation, An Artificial Intelligence Perspective
Lexical Options in Multilingual Generation from a Knowledge Base
EWNLG '93 Selected papers from the Fourth European Workshop on Trends in Natural Language Generation, An Artificial Intelligence Perspective
Planning text for advisory dialogues: capturing intentional and rhetorical information
Computational Linguistics
Bilingual generation of job descriptions from quasi-conceptual forms
ANLC '94 Proceedings of the fourth conference on Applied natural language processing
Practical issues in automatic documentation generation
ANLC '94 Proceedings of the fourth conference on Applied natural language processing
A fast and portable realizer for text generation systems
ANLC '97 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Applied natural language processing
Generation of extended bilingual statistical reports
COLING '92 Proceedings of the 14th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 3
Evaluating and comparing three text-production techniques
COLING '96 Proceedings of the 16th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
A support tool for writing multilingual instructions
IJCAI'95 Proceedings of the 14th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Integrating discourse and domain knowledge for document drafting
ICAIL '99 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law
Spoken dialogue technology: enabling the conversational user interface
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Near-synonymy and lexical choice
Computational Linguistics
Computational Models of Natural Language Argument
ICCS '01 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Sciences-Part I
Using OLAP and Data Mining for Content Planning in Natural Language Generation
NLDB '00 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems-Revised Papers
Generating Symbolic and Natural Language Partial Solutions for Inclusion in Medical Plans
AIME '01 Proceedings of the 8th Conference on AI in Medicine in Europe: Artificial Intelligence Medicine
A New Approach in Building a Corpus for Natural Language Generation Systems
CICLing '01 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing
Introduction to the special issue on natural language generation
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on natural language generation
An augmented template-based approach to text realization
Natural Language Engineering
From data to speech: a general approach
Natural Language Engineering
Experimenting with the interaction between aggregation and text structuring
Proceedings of the workshop on Student research
Multilinguality in a text generation system for three Slavic languages
COLING '00 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
Pronominalization in generated discourse and dialogue
ACL '02 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Web engineering meets natural language processing: a vocal interface generation practice
WebMedia '05 Proceedings of the 11th Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the web
An integrated framework for text planning and pronominalisation
INLG '00 Proceedings of the first international conference on Natural language generation - Volume 14
Real versus Template-Based Natural Language Generation: A False Opposition?
Computational Linguistics
Lexicalisation strategies in cooperative question-answering systems
COLING '04 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF AN INTELLIGENT NARRATOR FOR INTERACTIVE NARRATIVES
Applied Artificial Intelligence
Natural Language Engineering
CACLA '09 Proceedings of the EACL 2009 Workshop on Cognitive Aspects of Computational Language Acquisition
COOPML: towards annotating cooperative discourse
DiscAnnotation '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACL Workshop on Discourse Annotation
System building cost vs. output quality in data-to-text generation
ENLG '09 Proceedings of the 12th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation
How evolutionary algorithms are applied to statistical natural language processing
Artificial Intelligence Review
Summarization from medical documents: a survey
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
A modern computational linguistics course using Dutch
ELST '99 Proceedings of the Workshop on Computer and Internet Supported Education in Language and Speech Technology
Generating textual summaries of bar charts
INLG '08 Proceedings of the Fifth International Natural Language Generation Conference
Adaptive information for consumers of healthcare
The adaptive web
Innovative approach for engineering NLG systems: the content determination case study
CICLing'08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computational linguistics and intelligent text processing
Model driven development approach to natural language generation systems
ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
Good question! Statistical ranking for question generation
HLT '10 Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
A discourse-aware graph-based content-selection framework
INLG '10 Proceedings of the 6th International Natural Language Generation Conference
Hierarchical reinforcement learning for adaptive text generation
INLG '10 Proceedings of the 6th International Natural Language Generation Conference
Melog: mobile experience sharing through automatic multimedia blogging
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM multimedia workshop on Mobile cloud media computing
Assessing the trade-off between system building cost and output quality in data-to-text generation
Empirical methods in natural language generation
The additive effect of turn-taking cues in human and synthetic voice
Speech Communication
Temporal knowledge acquisition and modeling
EKAW'10 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Knowledge engineering and management by the masses
Model-Based design of virtual environment behavior
VSMM'06 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Interactive Technologies and Sociotechnical Systems
Natural language generation from class diagrams
Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering, Verification and Validation
ICCHP'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs
Dependency-based n-gram models for general purpose sentence realisation
Natural Language Engineering
A case based reasoning model for multilingual language generation in dialogues
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
A constraint-based model for lexical and syntactic choice in natural language generation
CSLP'04 Proceedings of the First international conference on Constraint Solving and Language Processing
Translating formal software specifications to natural language
LACL'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics
Decision support tools for clinical trial design
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Generating natural language texts from business process models
CAiSE'12 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering
Midge: generating image descriptions from computer vision detections
EACL '12 Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Information-Gathering events in story plots
ICEC'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Entertainment Computing
Partial-tree linearization: generalized word ordering for text synthesis
IJCAI'13 Proceedings of the Twenty-Third international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence
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In this article, we give an overview of Natural Language Generation (NLG) from an applied system-building perspective. The article includes a discussion of when NLG techniques should be used; suggestions for carrying out requirements analyses; and a description of the basic NLG tasks of content determination, discourse planning, sentence aggregation, lexicalization, referring expression generation, and linguistic realisation. Throughout, the emphasis is on established techniques that can be used to build simple but practical working systems now. We also provide pointers to techniques in the literature that are appropriate for more complicated scenarios.