A procedural model of language understanding
Readings in natural language processing
Strategic directions in human-computer interaction
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) - Special ACM 50th-anniversary issue: strategic directions in computing research
Past, present, and future of user interface software tools
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on human-computer interaction in the new millennium, Part 1
WordsEye: an automatic text-to-scene conversion system
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Spoken dialogue technology: enabling the conversational user interface
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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Ever improving speech technology continues to revolutionise the way we interact with computers. This paper describes a speech-driven graphics system that allows the user to construct and manipulate 3-dimensional (3D) graphical images using only their voice, averting the need to learn a graphics programming language or the point-and-click options of a conventional graphics software interface. The system combines an inexpensive Java-based speech-to-text package with open-source Java packages for constructive solid geometry and text-to-speech generation to create a completely hands-off graphics application. These components are integrated with context-free input/output grammars modeled from observations about the language used when a person unfamiliar with computer graphics software directs an experienced user in the creation of 3D images. The result is a natural, conversation-style interface that allows anyone to make effective use of 3D-graphics packages regardless of their technical expertise.