On the limited memory BFGS method for large scale optimization
Mathematical Programming: Series A and B
Spoken dialogue technology: enabling the conversational user interface
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic Models for Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data
ICML '01 Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Assessment of dialogue systems by means of a new simulation technique
Speech Communication
BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation
ACL '02 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Machine Learning
The Knowledge Engineering Review
Probabilistic simulation of human-machine dialogues
ICASSP '00 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02
Testing the performance of spoken dialogue systems by means of an artificially simulated user
Artificial Intelligence Review
User simulation in a stochastic dialog system
Computer Speech and Language
Hybrid reinforcement/supervised learning of dialogue policies from fixed data sets
Computational Linguistics
Example-based dialog modeling for practical multi-domain dialog system
Speech Communication
Data-driven user simulation for automated evaluation of spoken dialog systems
Computer Speech and Language
Triangular-Chain Conditional Random Fields
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
A probabilistic framework for dialog simulation and optimal strategy learning
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
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This paper proposes a novel user intention simulation method which is data-driven but can integrate diverse user discourse knowledge to simulate various types of user behaviors. A method of data-driven user intention modeling based on logistic regression is introduced in the Markov logic framework. Human dialog knowledge is designed into two layers, domain and discourse knowledge, and integrated with the data-driven model in generation time. Three types of user knowledge, i.e., cooperative, corrective and self-directing, are designed and integrated to generate behaviors of corresponding user-types. In experiments to investigate the patterns of simulated users, the approach successfully generated cooperative, corrective and self-directing user intention patterns.