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Principles of traditional animation applied to 3D computer animation
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Goal-directed human animation of multiple movements
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Planning motions with intentions
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Fourier principles for emotion-based human figure animation
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SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
GI '96 Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface '96
Interactive computer animation
BodyChat: autonomous communicative behaviors in avatars
AGENTS '98 Proceedings of the second international conference on Autonomous agents
Parametric keyframe interpolation incorporating kinetic adjustment and phrasing control
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Embodied conversational interface agents
Communications of the ACM
Digital Representations of Human Movement
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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Verbs and Adverbs: Multidimensional Motion Interpolation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
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IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A Model of Nonverbal Communication and Interpersonal Relationship Between Virtual Actors
CA '96 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Virtual Human Animation Based on Movement Observation and Cognitive Behavior Models
CA '99 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Interpolating splines with local tension, continuity, and bias control
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A motion control scheme for animating expressive arm movements
A motion control scheme for animating expressive arm movements
Tears and fears: modeling emotions and emotional behaviors in synthetic agents
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BEAT: the Behavior Expression Animation Toolkit
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ACUMEN: amplifying control and understanding of multiple entities
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FacEMOTE: qualitative parametric modifiers for facial animations
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Modeling tension and relaxation for computer animation
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Interactive control of avatars animated with human motion data
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Motion capture assisted animation: texturing and synthesis
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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IEEE Intelligent Systems
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AMTA '00 Proceedings of the 4th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas on Envisioning Machine Translation in the Information Future
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SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Acquiring and validating motion qualities from live limb gestures
Graphical Models
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International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Subtle expressivity for characters and robots
AER: aesthetic exploration and refinement for expressive character animation
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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Levels of representation in the annotation of emotion for the specification of expressivity in ECAs
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Labanotation for design of movement-based interaction
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High-level control posture of story characters based on personality and emotion
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Methods for exploring expressive stance
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An interface test-bed for 'Kansei' filters using the touch designer visual programming environment
AUIC '06 Proceedings of the 7th Australasian User interface conference - Volume 50
Presenting in Virtual Worlds: An Architecture for a 3D Anthropomorphic Presenter
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Cross-cultural differences in recognizing affect from body posture
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IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
DAMPER: a platform for effortful interface development
NIME '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on New interfaces for musical expression
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ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
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Simulation of individual spontaneous reactive behavior
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 1
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Dynamic Behavior Qualifiers for Conversational Agents
IVA '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Expression of Emotions in Virtual Humans Using Lights, Shadows, Composition and Filters
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Evaluating Data-Driven Style Transformation for Gesturing Embodied Agents
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Informed Use of Motion Synthesis Methods
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A Qualitative and Quantitative Characterisation of Style in Sign Language Gestures
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Living interfaces: the thrifty faucet
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A dynamic Bayesian approach to computational Laban shape quality analysis
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Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
The design of aesthetic interaction: towards a graceful interaction framework
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ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Human robot interaction studies on laban human movement analysis and dynamic background segmentation
IROS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on Intelligent robots and systems
Copying behaviour of expressive motion
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Presenting in style by virtual humans
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From annotated multimodal corpora to simulated human-like behaviors
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ICMI'06/IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the ICMI 2006 and IJCAI 2007 international conference on Artifical intelligence for human computing
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VIS '10 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS international conference on Visualization, imaging and simulation
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Expressive gesture model for humanoid robot
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An exploration of delsarte’s structural acting system
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
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ICNC'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Natural Computation - Volume Part I
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GW'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Gesture in Human-Computer Interaction and Simulation
Adaptive sampling of motion trajectories for discrete task-based analysis and synthesis of gesture
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SEAL'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Simulated Evolution And Learning
Anticipation effect generation for character animation
CGI'06 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Advances in Computer Graphics
Multimodal sensing, interpretation and copying of movements by a virtual agent
PIT'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international tutorial and research conference on Perception and Interactive Technologies
Individualized agent interactions
MIG'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Motion in Games
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Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference
Distinctive parameters of expressive motion
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Simulation of virtual human's mental state in behavior animation
LSMS'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Life System Modeling and Simulation
Expressive body animation pipeline for virtual agent
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
LMA based emotional motion representation using RGB-D camera
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Efficient motion retrieval in large motion databases
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Intelligent Decision Technologies
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Human movements include limb gestures and postural attitude. Although many computer animation researchers have studied these classes of movements, procedurally generated movements still lack naturalness. We argue that looking only at the psychological notion of gesture is insufficient to capture movement qualities needed by animated charactes. We advocate that the domain of movement observation science, specifically Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) and its Effort and Shape components, provides us with valuable parameters for the form and execution of qualitative aspects of movements. Inspired by some tenets shared among LMA proponents, we also point out that Effort and Shape phrasing across movements and the engagement of the whole body are essential aspects to be considered in the search for naturalness in procedurally generated gestures. Finally, we present EMOTE (Expressive MOTion Engine), a 3D character animation system that applies Effort and Shape qualities to independently defined underlying movements and thereby generates more natural synthetic gestures.