International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The EMOTE model for effort and shape
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Integrating models of personality and emotions into lifelike characters
Affective interactions
Creating Interactive Virtual Humans: Some Assembly Required
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Representing and Parameterizing Agent Behaviors
CA '02 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
AER: aesthetic exploration and refinement for expressive character animation
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
ALMA: a layered model of affect
Proceedings of the fourth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Gesture modeling and animation based on a probabilistic re-creation of speaker style
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
IVA '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Culture-Specific First Meeting Encounters between Virtual Agents
IVA '08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
But that was in another country: agents and intercultural empathy
Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 1
Interactive editing of motion style using drives and correlations
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Towards personality-based user adaptation: psychologically informed stylistic language generation
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Evaluating the effect of gesture and language on personality perception in conversational agents
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Warmth, competence, believability and virtual agents
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Controlling user perceptions of linguistic style: Trainable generation of personality traits
Computational Linguistics
Implementing expressive gesture synthesis for embodied conversational agents
GW'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Gesture in Human-Computer Interaction and Simulation
Intelligent expressions of emotions
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Feeling and reasoning: a computational model for emotional characters
EPIA'05 Proceedings of the 12th Portuguese conference on Progress in Artificial Intelligence
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
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A key goal in agent research is to be able to generate multimodal characters that can reflect a particular personality. The Big Five model of personality provides a framework for codifying personality variation. This paper reviews findings in the psychology literature to understand how the Big Five trait of emotional stability correlates with changes in verbal and nonverbal behavior. Agent behavior was modified based on these findings and a perceptual study was completed to determine if these changes lead to the controllable perception of emotional stability in virtual agents. The results reveal how language variation and the use of self-adaptors can be used to increase or decrease the perceived emotional stability of an agent. Self-adaptors are movements that often involve self-touch, such as scratching or bending one's fingers backwards in an unnatural brace. These results provide guidance on how agent designers can create particular characters, including indicating that for particular personality types, it is important to also produce typically non-communicative gestural behavior, such as the self-adaptors studied.