Interactive behaviors for bipedal articulated figures
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Inverse kinematics positioning using nonlinear programming for highly articulated figures
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A hierarchical approach to interactive motion editing for human-like figures
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computational modeling for the computer animation of legged figures
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The EMOTE model for effort and shape
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Complex Character Positioning Based on a Compatible Flow Model of Multiple Supports
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Interpolation Synthesis of Articulated Figure Motion
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A Model of Nonverbal Communication and Interpersonal Relationship Between Virtual Actors
CA '96 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Simulation of leaping, tumbling, landing, and balancing humans
Simulation of leaping, tumbling, landing, and balancing humans
Style-based inverse kinematics
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Natural motion animation through constraining and deconstraining at will
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
An efficient search algorithm for motion data using weighted PCA
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
AER: aesthetic exploration and refinement for expressive character animation
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Dynamic Animation and Control Environment
GI '05 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2005
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Video games
Psychologically Inspired Anticipation and Dynamic Response for Impacts to the Head and Upper Body
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Automatic Torso Engagement for Gesturing Characters
IVA '08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Improving the Believability of Virtual Characters Using Qualitative Gesture Analysis
Gesture-Based Human-Computer Interaction and Simulation
Studies on gesture expressivity for a virtual agent
Speech Communication
Interactive editing of motion style using drives and correlations
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
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The postures a character adopts over time are a key expressive aspect of her movement. While IK tools help a character achieve positioning constraints, there are few tools that help an animator with the expressive aspects of a character's poses. Three aspects are combined in good pose design: achieving a set of world space constraints, finding a body shape that reflects the character's inner state and personality, and making adjustments to balance that act to strengthen the pose and also maintain realism. This is routinely done in the performing arts, but is uncommon in computer graphics. Our system combines all three components within a single body shape solver. The system combines feedback based balance control with a hybrid IK system that utilizes optimization and analytic IK components. The IK system has been carefully designed to allow direct control over various aesthetically important aspects of body shape, such as the type of curve in the spine and the relationship between the collar bones. The system allows for both low-level control and for higher level shape sets to be defined and used. Shape sets allow an animator to use a single scalar to vary a character's pose within a specified shape class, providing an intuitive parameterization of a posture. Changing shape sets allows an animator to quickly experiment with different posture options for a movement sequence, supporting rapid exploration of the aesthetic space.