Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The computational beauty of nature
The computational beauty of nature
Constrained animation of flocks
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Realistic modeling of bird flight animations
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Group behavior from video: a data-driven approach to crowd simulation
SCA '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Direct visibility of point sets
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Graphical Models
V-like formations in flocks of artificial birds
Artificial Life
Special Section on CAD/Graphics 2013: Geometry-constrained crowd formation animation
Computers and Graphics
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We provide a biologically motivated technique for modeling and animating bird flocks in flight, which produces plausible and realistic-looking flock animations. While most previous approaches have focused on animating cluster formations, this article introduces a technique for animating flocks that fly in certain patterns, so-called line formations. We distinguish between the behavior of such flocks during initiation and their behavior during steady flight. Our simulation of the initiation stage is rule-based and incorporates an artificial bird model. Our simulation of the steady-flight stage combines a data-driven approach and an energy-savings model.