Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Unsupervised Learning of Finite Mixture Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Empirical evaluation of dissimilarity measures for color and texture
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on empirical evaluation of computer vision algorithms
Hierarchical Model for Real Time Simulation of Virtual Human Crowds
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Simulating virtual crowds in emergency situations
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Using computer vision to simulate the motion of virtual agents: Research Articles
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
Controlling individual agents in high-density crowd simulation
SCA '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Group behavior from video: a data-driven approach to crowd simulation
SCA '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - CASA 2007
SteerBug: an interactive framework for specifying and detecting steering behaviors
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
SteerBench: a benchmark suite for evaluating steering behaviors
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - International Workshop Motion in Games (MIG08)
AN INTERACTIVE MODEL FOR STEERING BEHAVIORS OF GROUPS OF CHARACTERS
Applied Artificial Intelligence - Intelligent Virtual Agents
PLEdestrians: a least-effort approach to crowd simulation
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Evaluation and comparison of multi-agent based crowd simulation systems
Agents for games and simulations II
Scenario space: characterizing coverage, quality, and failure of steering algorithms
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Event Detection Using Trajectory Clustering and 4-D Histograms
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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In this paper, we propose a new model to quantitatively compare global flow characteristics of two crowds. The proposed approach explores a 4-D histogram that contains information on the local velocity (speed and orientation) of each spatial position, and the comparison is made using histogram distances. The 4-D histogram also allows the comparison of specific characteristics, such as distribution of orientations only, speed only, relative spatial occupancy only, and combinations of such features. Experimental results indicate that the proposed quantitative metric correlates with visual inspection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.