Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Automated learning of muscle-actuated locomotion through control abstraction
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Analysis and Synthesis of Facial Image Sequences Using Physical and Anatomical Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Synthetic Motion Capture for Interactive Virtual Worlds
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
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This paper reviews research that addresses the challenging problem of modeling living systems for multimedia content creation. First, I discuss the modeling of animals in their natural habitats for use in animated virtual worlds. The basic approach is to implement realistic artificial animals (in particular, fish) and to give them the ability to locomote, perceive, and in some sense understand the realistic virtual worlds in which they are situated so that they may achieve both individual and social functionality within these worlds. Second, I discuss the modeling of human faces. The goal is to develop facial models that are capable of synthesizing realistic expressions. At different levels of abstraction, these hierarchical models capture knowledge from psychology, facial anatomy and tissue histology, and continuum biomechanics. The facial models can be "personalized", or made to conform closely to individuals, once facial geometry and photometry information has been captured by a range sensor.