Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Unified theories of cognition
Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The Foundations to Build a Virtual Human Society
IVA '01 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Modeling Individual Behaviors in Crowd Simulation
CASA '03 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA 2003)
Behavioral diversity in learning robot teams
Behavioral diversity in learning robot teams
An agent-based simulation of pedestrian dynamics: from lane formation to auditorium evacuation
AAMAS '06 Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Being a part of the crowd: towards validating VR crowds using presence
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 1
Virtual Crowds: Methods, Simulation, and Control (Synthesis Lectures on Computer Graphics and Animation)
Towards a computational model of social comparison: Some implications for the cognitive architecture
Cognitive Systems Research
Thesis research: modeling crowd behavior based on social comparison theory
The 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 3
Evacuation Simulation Based on Cognitive Decision Making Model in a Socio-Technical System
DS-RT '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE/ACM 15th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications
The impact of cultural differences on crowd dynamics
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 3
The impact of culture on crowd dynamics: an empirical approach
Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems
Curing robot autism: a challenge
Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems
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Modeling crowd behavior is an important challenge for cognitive modelers. Models of crowd behavior facilitate analysis and prediction of human group behavior, where people are close geographically or logically, and are affected by each other's presence and actions. Existing models of crowd behavior, in a variety of fields, leave many open challenges. In particular, psychology models often offer only qualitative description, and do not easily permit algorithmic replication, while computer science models are often not tied to cognitive theory and often focus only on a specific phenomenon (e.g., flocking, bi-directional pedestrian movement), and thus must be switched depending on the goals of the simulation. We propose a novel model of crowd behavior, based on Festinger's Social Comparison Theory (SCT), a social psychology theory known and expanded since the early 1950's. We propose a concrete algorithmic framework for SCT, and evaluate its implementations in several pedestrian movement phenomena such as creation of lanes in bidirectional movement and movement in groups with and without obstacle. Compared to popular models from the literature, the SCT model was shown to provide improved results. We also evaluate the SCT model on general pedestrian movement, and validate the model against human pedestrian behavior. The results show that SCT generates behavior more in-tune with human crowd behavior then existing non-cognitive models.