Free-form deformation of solid geometric models
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Simulation of object and human skin formations in a grasping task
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Layered construction for deformable animated characters
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Piecewise surface flattening for non-distorted texture mapping
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive spacetime control for animation
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Imaging vector fields using line integral convolution
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fundamentals of computer aided geometric design
Fundamentals of computer aided geometric design
Piecewise smooth surface reconstruction
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Animating soft substances with implicit surfaces
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Limit cycle control and its application to the animation of balancing and walking
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Adapting simulated behaviors for new characters
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Anatomy-based modeling of the human musculature
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Retargetting motion to new characters
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Cognitive modeling: knowledge, reasoning and planning for intelligent characters
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ArtDefo: accurate real time deformable objects
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Real-Time Animation of Realistic Virtual Humans
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Visualization of Combined Motions in Human Joints
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Sculpting and Animating in a Desktop VR Environment
CGI '98 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International 1998
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Conversion of complex contour line definitions into polygonal element mosaics
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology
Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology
Modeling and Deformation of Arms and Legs Based on Ellipsoidal Sweeping
PG '03 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Geometric modeling
MuscleBuilder: a modeling tool for human anatomy
Journal of Computer Science and Technology - Special issue on computer graphics and computer-aided design
Creating and Simulating Skeletal Muscle from the Visible Human Data Set
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Robust quasistatic finite elements and flesh simulation
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Capturing and animating skin deformation in human motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Fast Volume Preservation for a Mass-Spring System
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
The effect of tendons on foot skin deformation
Computer-Aided Design
Laughing out loud: control for modeling anatomically inspired laughter using audio
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Education: Simulating tendon motion with axial mass-spring system
Computers and Graphics
Comprehensive biomechanical modeling and simulation of the upper body
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Realistic Elbow Flesh Deformation Based on Anthropometrical Data for Ergonomics Modeling
ICDHM '09 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Digital Human Modeling: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
ASM '07 The 16th IASTED International Conference on Applied Simulation and Modelling
Generic-model based human-body modeling
ICEC'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Entertainment Computing
A practical framework for generating volumetric meshes of subject-specific soft tissue
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
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Muscle simulation is an important component of human modeling, but there have been few attempts to demonstrate, in three dimensions and in an anatomically correct way, the structures of muscles and the way in which these change during motion. This paper proposes an anatomically-based approach to muscle modeling that attempts to provide models for human musculature based on the real morphological structures. These models provide a good visual description of muscle form and action and represent a sound base from which to produce further progress toward medically accurate simulation of human bodies. Three major problems have been addressed: geometric modeling, deformation, and texture. To allow for the wide variety of deformable muscle shapes encountered in the body, while retaining as many of their common properties as possible, the geometric models are classified into several categories according to the characteristics of their structures and actions. Within each category, the model for each muscle has an efficient structural form, created using anatomical data. Deformation is also performed on the basis of the categories, with all models within each category sharing the same deformation scheme. The categories cover both general and special cases. The result is an efficient, anatomically accurate muscle representation that is specifically designed to accommodate the particular form of deformation exhibited by each individual muscle. Interactions between muscles are also taken into account to avoid penetration occurring between adjacent muscles in our model. To provide a suitable visual effect, the muscle texture is generated directly on the model surface. The textures and colors are obtained from anatomical data via image analysis. Some results are presented on the geometric modeling, the deformation, and the texture of muscles related to the lower limb.