Free-form deformation of solid geometric models
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Two moving coordinate frames for sweeping along a 3D trajectory
Computer Aided Geometric Design
Simulation of object and human skin formations in a grasping task
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Layered construction for deformable animated characters
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Joint-dependent local deformations for hand animation and object grasping
Proceedings on Graphics interface '88
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The NURBS book
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Simulating facial surgery using finite element models
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Anatomy-based facial tissue modeling using the finite element method
Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization '96
Anatomy-based modeling of the human musculature
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Pose space deformation: a unified approach to shape interpolation and skeleton-driven deformation
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A new class of radial basis functions with compact support
Mathematics of Computation
Reconstruction and representation of 3D objects with radial basis functions
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
EigenSkin: real time large deformation character skinning in hardware
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Computational Geometry for Design and Manufacture
Computational Geometry for Design and Manufacture
Real-Time Elastic Deformations of Soft Tissues for Surgery Simulation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
An Anatomy-Based Approach to Human Muscle Modeling and Deformation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Geometry-based muscle modeling for facial animation
GRIN'01 No description on Graphics interface 2001
Arc-Length-Based Axial Deformation and Length Preserved Animation
CA '97 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Modeling and Deformation of the Human Body using an Anatomically-Based Approach
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Global and local deformations of solid primitives
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Construction and animation of anatomically based human hand models
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Education: Simulating tendon motion with axial mass-spring system
Computers and Graphics
Human foot modeling towards footwear design
Computer-Aided Design
Footwear bio-modelling: An industrial approach
Computer-Aided Design
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Anatomical human models are usually divided into layers including skin, muscle and skeleton. In spite of the realistic animation of the models that can be achieved, and the realistic appearance of the model determined by the underlying muscles and skeleton, the role of tendons in determining the deformation of skin surface has not been well addressed. This paper presents an approach for modeling human foot tendons and determines their influence on the skin layer deformation. Our goal is to model deformation of the tendons such that a realistic foot simulation can be obtained. An anatomical foot model including skin, muscle, tendon and skeleton layers is adopted. The appearance of the skin layer is determined based on the underlying layers. To allow interactive deformation of the tendon models, the axial deformation technique is adopted. Given the position of the foot and the basis function, the position of the data points that control the axial curve is updated. To allow more accurate computation of the data point positions, a method that estimates the basis function based on real data obtained from foot images is also presented. Experimental results showed that the axial deformation technique can model deformation of the foot tendons with satisfactory visual realism. With the tendon deformation, the visual realism on the skin deformation is also enhanced.