Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Modeling pigmented materials for realistic image synthesis
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Reflection from layered surfaces due to subsurface scattering
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Monte Carlo evaluation of non-linear scattering equations for subsurface reflection
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A practical model for subsurface light transport
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A practical model for subsurface light transport
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An Illumination Model for a Skin Layer Bounded by Rough Surfaces
Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques
Interactive modeling of topologically complex geometric detail
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
DISCO: acquisition of translucent objects
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Acquisition of time-varying participating media
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Light diffusion in multi-layered translucent materials
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Modeling and rendering of quasi-homogeneous materials
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
A compact factored representation of heterogeneous subsurface scattering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Acquiring scattering properties of participating media by dilution
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Modeling and rendering of heterogeneous translucent materials using the diffusion equation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Towards passive 6D reflectance field displays
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Practical modeling and acquisition of layered facial reflectance
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
A layered, heterogeneous reflectance model for acquiring and rendering human skin
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
SubEdit: a representation for editing measured heterogeneous subsurface scattering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Fabricating microgeometry for custom surface reflectance
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Printing spatially-varying reflectance
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
Fabricating spatially-varying subsurface scattering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Fabricating spatially-varying subsurface scattering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Physically-based interactive bi-scale material design
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
Printing spatially-varying reflectance for reproducing HDR images
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Fabricating articulated characters from skinned meshes
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Position-correcting tools for 2D digital fabrication
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Pixel Art with Refracted Light by Rearrangeable Sticks
Computer Graphics Forum
crdbrd: Shape Fabrication by Sliding Planar Slices
Computer Graphics Forum
Computational Design of Rubber Balloons
Computer Graphics Forum
Gamut Mapping Spatially Varying Reflectance with an Improved BRDF Similarity Metric
Computer Graphics Forum
Real-time spherical harmonics based subsurface scattering
ICIAR'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition - Volume Part I
Motion-guided mechanical toy modeling
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
Chopper: partitioning models into 3D-printable parts
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
Spectral appearance changes induced by light exposure
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
InfraStructs: fabricating information inside physical objects for imaging in the terahertz region
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Computational design of mechanical characters
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Worst-case structural analysis
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Fabricating translucent materials using continuous pigment mixtures
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Computational design of actuated deformable characters
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Fabricating BRDFs at high spatial resolution using wave optics
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Bi-scale appearance fabrication
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
OpenFab: a programmable pipeline for multi-material fabrication
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Spec2Fab: a reducer-tuner model for translating specifications to 3D prints
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Invited Making graphics tangible
Computers and Graphics
Inverse bi-scale material design
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
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We investigate a complete pipeline for measuring, modeling, and fabricating objects with specified subsurface scattering behaviors. The process starts with measuring the scattering properties of a given set of base materials, determining their radial reflection and transmission profiles. We describe a mathematical model that predicts the profiles of different stackings of base materials, at arbitrary thicknesses. In an inverse process, we can then specify a desired reflection profile and compute a layered composite material that best approximates it. Our algorithm efficiently searches the space of possible combinations of base materials, pruning unsatisfactory states imposed by physical constraints. We validate our process by producing both homogeneous and heterogeneous composites fabricated using a multi-material 3D printer. We demonstrate reproductions that have scattering properties approximating complex materials.