Predicting reflectance functions from complex surfaces
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Wavelength dependent reflectance functions
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A microfacet-based BRDF generator
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Illuminating micro geometry based on precomputed visibility
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Linear light source reflectometry
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Inverse shade trees for non-parametric material representation and editing
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Illustration of complex real-world objects using images with normals
Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Modeling anisotropic surface reflectance with example-based microfacet synthesis
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
A photometric approach for estimating normals and tangents
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Fabricating microgeometry for custom surface reflectance
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Digital Modeling of Material Appearance
Digital Modeling of Material Appearance
Printing spatially-varying reflectance
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Physical reproduction of materials with specified subsurface scattering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Fabricating spatially-varying subsurface scattering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Computational highlight holography
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2010 papers
Building volumetric appearance models of fabric using micro CT imaging
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Physically-based interactive bi-scale material design
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
AppGen: interactive material modeling from a single image
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
Computing and fabricating multilayer models
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
Printing reflectance functions
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Printing spatially-varying reflectance for reproducing HDR images
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Structure-aware synthesis for predictive woven fabric appearance
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
ShadowPix: Multiple Images from Self Shadowing
Computer Graphics Forum
Gamut Mapping Spatially Varying Reflectance with an Improved BRDF Similarity Metric
Computer Graphics Forum
Interactive bi-scale editing of highly glossy materials
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
The magic lens: refractive steganography
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
EGSR'09 Proceedings of the Twentieth Eurographics conference on Rendering
Experimental analysis of BRDF models
EGSR'05 Proceedings of the Sixteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Inverse bi-scale material design
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
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Surfaces in the real world exhibit complex appearance due to spatial variations in both their reflectance and local shading frames (i.e. the local coordinate system defined by the normal and tangent direction). For opaque surfaces, existing fabrication solutions can reproduce well only the spatial variations of isotropic reflectance. In this paper, we present a system for fabricating surfaces with desired spatially-varying reflectance, including anisotropic ones, and local shading frames. We approximate each input reflectance, rotated by its local frame, as a small patch of oriented facets coated with isotropic glossy inks. By assigning different ink combinations to facets with different orientations, this bi-scale material can reproduce a wider variety of reflectance than the printer gamut, including anisotropic materials. By orienting the facets appropriately, we control the local shading frame. We propose an algorithm to automatically determine the optimal facets orientations and ink combinations that best approximate a given input appearance, while obeying manufacturing constraints on both geometry and ink gamut. We fabricate the resulting surface with commercially available hardware, a 3D printer to fabricate the facets and a flatbed UV printer to coat them with inks. We validate our method by fabricating a variety of isotropic and anisotropic materials with rich variations in normals and tangents.