Independent component analysis: algorithms and applications
Neural Networks
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Evaluation of Face Resolution for Expression Analysis
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 5 - Volume 05
Active and Dynamic Information Fusion for Facial Expression Understanding from Image Sequences
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Facial Expression: Machine Learning and Application to Spontaneous Behavior
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Audio-visual emotion recognition in adult attachment interview
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Dynamic Texture Recognition Using Local Binary Patterns with an Application to Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Authentic facial expression analysis
Image and Vision Computing
Simultaneous Facial Action Tracking and Expression Recognition in the Presence of Head Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
Boosting encoded dynamic features for facial expression recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
A Survey of Affect Recognition Methods: Audio, Visual, and Spontaneous Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Facial expression recognition based on Local Binary Patterns: A comprehensive study
Image and Vision Computing
Social signal processing: Survey of an emerging domain
Image and Vision Computing
Automatic nonverbal analysis of social interaction in small groups: A review
Image and Vision Computing
Real-time 2D+3D facial action and expression recognition
Pattern Recognition
Analysis of head and facial gestures using facial landmark trajectories
BioID_MultiComm'09 Proceedings of the 2009 joint COST 2101 and 2102 international conference on Biometric ID management and multimodal communication
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
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We consider two novel representations and feature extraction schemes for automatic recognition of emotion related facial expressions. In one scheme facial landmark points are tracked over successive video frames using an effective detector and tracker to extract landmark trajectories. Features are extracted from landmark trajectories using Independent Component Analysis (ICA) method. In the alternative scheme, the evolution of the emotion expression on the face is captured by stacking normalized and aligned faces into a spatiotemporal face cube. Emotion descriptors are then 3D Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) features from this prism or DCT & ICA features. Several classifier configurations are used and their performance determined in detecting the 6 basic emotions. Decision fusion applied to classifiers improved the recognition performance of best classifier by 9 percentage points. The proposed method was evaluated user independently on the Cohn-Kanade facial expression database and a state-of-the-art 95.34 % recognition performance is achieved.