The structure of the “THE”-multiprogramming system
Communications of the ACM
A systematic approach to the design of digital bussing structures
AFIPS '72 (Fall, part II) Proceedings of the December 5-7, 1972, fall joint computer conference, part II
Modular crossbar switch for large-scale multiprocessor systems: structure and implementation
AFIPS '81 Proceedings of the May 4-7, 1981, national computer conference
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Today most computing systems have dedicated, self-contained, single processors. When the load on the system exceeds its processing capabilities, it is necessary to replace the original system with one of greater capacity. It would be far better if the original system had been modular in nature, so that additional processing modules could be added in a multiprocessing configuration with the growth in processing requirements, just as memory modules or I/O devices are added with the growth in storage or peripheral requirements. Multi-processing systems are not new, but they have been previously limited by the processing time consumed in controlling the processor modules. With the advent of microprogrammed computers, however, control functions can now be implemented in microcode, and executed at a much faster rate than has been previously possible. In addition, microprogrammed computers are simpler and therefore more reliable than conventional computers.