Revised report on the algorithm language ALGOL 60
Communications of the ACM
Design of on-Line Computer Systems
Design of on-Line Computer Systems
Achievement of skill and generality in an artificial intelligence program
Achievement of skill and generality in an artificial intelligence program
The design and construction of flexible and efficient interactive programming systems
The design and construction of flexible and efficient interactive programming systems
The SNOBOL 4 programming language
The SNOBOL 4 programming language
Realization of a skillful bridge bidding program
AFIPS '70 (Fall) Proceedings of the November 17-19, 1970, fall joint computer conference
User engineering principles for interactive systems
AFIPS '71 (Fall) Proceedings of the November 16-18, 1971, fall joint computer conference
Automated programmering: the programmer's assistant
AFIPS '72 (Fall, part II) Proceedings of the December 5-7, 1972, fall joint computer conference, part II
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Over the past few years, the use of interactive systems has begun to shift from program development to a wide range of applications. Simultaneously, the users of interactive systems have begun to shift from programmers and others familiar with computer systems to those without a technical understanding of computer systems and programs. These trends seem likely to continue with the increased availability of multiprogrammed systems, the reduced cost of computer hardware, and the development of new application programs for retail sales, medical systems, law enforcement, financial analysis, and other tasks. This steadily increasing number of conversational applications programs will produce a growing number of computer users who are well-trained in their application areas without knowing how the programs that they use actually work. These technically "unsophisticated" users view the computer simply as a tool and are willing to use this tool only if it is easy for them to do so.