Algorithm 733: TOMP–Fortran modules for optimal control calculations
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)
Practical methods for optimal control using nonlinear programming
Practical methods for optimal control using nonlinear programming
Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control
Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control
Computer Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations and Differential-Algebraic Equations
Computer Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations and Differential-Algebraic Equations
Second-Order Runge--Kutta Approximations in Control Constrained Optimal Control
SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis
A Direct Approach to Solving Optimal Control Problems
Computing in Science and Engineering
Optimization of power management in an hybrid electric vehicle using dynamic programming
Mathematics and Computers in Simulation - Special issue: Applied and computational mathematics - selected papers of the fifth PanAmerican workshop - June 21-25, 2004, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
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To efficiently operate electromechanical systems powered by two energy sources, it is necessary to determine the instantaneous power split between sources in order to minimize the energy consumption of the whole system. In this work, this problem is posed as a nonlinear finite horizon optimal control problem with control and state constraints and is solved using a direct transcription approach. The problem is fully discretized in time and the resulting finite dimensional optimization problem is solved using a nonlinear programming code. This paper describes the application of direct transcription to the case of the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) being developed in the Applied Electronics Group (GEA) at the University of Rio Cuarto. The statement and discretization of the control problem, the setting for using the nonlinear programming code and several examples and comparisons with those obtained by other approaches are described.