Message Ferrying: Proactive Routing in Highly-Partitioned Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
FTDCS '03 Proceedings of the The Ninth IEEE Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems
Intelligent fluid infrastructure for embedded networks
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Mobile Element Based Differentiated Message Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks
WOWMOM '06 Proceedings of the 2006 International Symposium on on World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks
Exploiting mobility for energy efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks
Mobile Networks and Applications
Controllably Mobile Infrastructure for Low Energy Embedded Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey
Ad Hoc Networks
Using predictable observer mobility for power efficient design of sensor networks
IPSN'03 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Multiple controlled mobile elements (data mules) for data collection in sensor networks
DCOSS'05 Proceedings of the First IEEE international conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems
Reliable and energy-efficient data collection in sparse sensor networks with mobile elements
Performance Evaluation
A framework for Resource-Aware Data Accumulation in sparse wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications
Review: Dynamic key management in wireless sensor networks: A survey
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
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Sparse wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are emerging as an effective solution for a wide range of applications, especially for environmental monitoring. In this context, special mobile elements --- i.e. mobile relays (MRs) --- can be used to get data sampled by sensor nodes. In this paper we present an analytical evaluation of the data collection performance in sparse WSNs with MRs. Our main contribution is the definition of a flexible model which can derive the total energy consumption for each message correctly transferred by sensors to the MR. The results show that a low duty cycle is convenient and allows a significant amount of correctly received messages, especially when the MR moves with a low speed. When the MR moves fast, depending on its mobility pattern, a low duty cycle may not always be the most energy efficient option.