Effective erasure codes for reliable computer communication protocols
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Optimizing Sensor Networks in the Energy-Latency-Density Design Space
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Intelligent fluid infrastructure for embedded networks
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
A Wakeup Scheme for Sensor Networks: Achieving Balance between Energy Saving and End-to-end Delay
RTAS '04 Proceedings of the 10th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium
Exploiting Sink Mobility for Maximizing Sensor Networks Lifetime
HICSS '05 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - Volume 09
Radio-Triggered Wake-Up for Wireless Sensor Networks
Real-Time Systems
Mobile Element Based Differentiated Message Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks
WOWMOM '06 Proceedings of the 2006 International Symposium on on World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks
Exploiting mobility for energy efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks
Mobile Networks and Applications
Controllably Mobile Infrastructure for Low Energy Embedded Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey
Ad Hoc Networks
EWSN '09 Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks
Using predictable observer mobility for power efficient design of sensor networks
IPSN'03 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Multiple controlled mobile elements (data mules) for data collection in sensor networks
DCOSS'05 Proceedings of the First IEEE international conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems
In-network aggregation techniques for wireless sensor networks: a survey
IEEE Wireless Communications
Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Elements: A Survey
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
A framework for Resource-Aware Data Accumulation in sparse wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications
An adaptive strategy for energy-efficient data collection in sparse wireless sensor networks
EWSN'10 Proceedings of the 7th European conference on Wireless Sensor Networks
Energy efficient and reliable data delivery in urban sensing applications: A performance analysis
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Sparse wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are emerging as an effective solution for a wide range of applications, especially for environmental monitoring. In many scenarios, a moderate number of sparsely deployed nodes can be sufficient to get the required information about the sensed phenomenon. To this end, special mobile elements, i.e. mobile data collectors (MDCs), can be used to get data sampled by sensor nodes. In this paper we present an analytical evaluation of the data collection performance in sparse WSNs with MDCs. Our main contribution is the definition of a flexible model which can derive the total energy consumption for each message correctly transferred by sensors to the MDC. The obtained energy expenditure for data transfer also accounts for the overhead due to the MDC detection when sensor nodes operate with a low duty cycle. The results show that a low duty cycle is convenient and allows a significant amount of correctly received messages, especially when the MDC moves with a low speed. When the MDC moves fast, depending on its mobility pattern, a low duty cycle may not always be the most energy efficient option.