Digital watermarking
Natural Language Watermarking: Design, Analysis, and a Proof-of-Concept Implementation
IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation
ACL '02 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
MM&Sec '06 Proceedings of the 8th workshop on Multimedia and security
Words are not enough: sentence level natural language watermarking
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Contents protection and security
KES'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems - Volume Part III
Natural language watermarking for german texts
Proceedings of the first ACM workshop on Information hiding and multimedia security
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This paper explores the method of text watermarking for Korean by syntactic analysis. The proposed method is useful for agglutinative languages - such as Korean, Turkish, etc.-- of which syntactic constituent order is relatively free. Our proposed natural language watermarking method consists of several steps. First, we construct a syntactic dependency tree of input text. Next, we choose target syntactic constituents to move. Then, we embed watermark bits. If the watermark bit does not coincide with the movement bit of the target constituent, we move the syntactic constituent in the syntactic tree. Finally, from the modified syntactic tree, we obtain a marked text. From the experimental results, we show that the coverage of our method is 75%, which outperforms that of previous systems, and the rate of unnatural sentences of marked text is better than that of previous systems. Even if the information-hiding capacity is worse than that of the previous systems, our marked text keeps the same style, and it also has the same information without semantic distortion.