Deterministic and unambiguous two-dimensional languages over one-letter alphabet

  • Authors:
  • Marcella Anselmo;Maria Madonia

  • Affiliations:
  • Dip. di Informatica ed Applicazioni, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;Dip. Matematica e Informatica, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6/a, 95125 Catania, Italy

  • Venue:
  • Theoretical Computer Science
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

The paper focuses on deterministic and unambiguous recognizable two-dimensional languages with particular attention to the case of a one-letter alphabet. The family DREC(1) of deterministic languages over a one-letter alphabet is characterized as both L(DOTA)(1), the class of languages accepted by deterministic on-line tessellation acceptors, and L(2AFA)(1), the class of languages recognized by 2-way alternating finite automata. We show that there are inherently ambiguous languages and unambiguously recognizable languages that cannot be deterministically recognized even in the case of a one-letter alphabet. In particular we show that on-line tessellation acceptors are more powerful than their deterministic counterpart, even in the case of a one-letter alphabet. Finally we show that DREC(1) is complex enough not to be characterized in terms of classical operations.