Distributed Latency-Energy Minimization and interference avoidance in TDMA Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Authors:

  • Mário Macedo;António Grilo;Mário Nunes

  • Affiliations:

  • INESC-ID, Rua Alves Redol, No. 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal and FCT/UNL, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;INESC-ID, Rua Alves Redol, No. 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal and IST/UTL, Electrical and Electrotechnical Engineering, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 Lisboa, Portugal;INESC-ID, Rua Alves Redol, No. 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal and IST/UTL, Electrical and Electrotechnical Engineering, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 Lisboa, Portugal

  • Venue:
  • Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

This paper presents Latency-Energy Minimization Medium Access (LEMMA), a new TDMA-based MAC protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), specially suited to extend the lifetime of networks supporting alarm-driven, delay-sensitive applications characterized by convergecast traffic patterns and sporadic traffic generation. Its cascading time-slot assignment scheme conciliates low end-to-end latency with a low duty-cycle, while supporting multi-sink WSN topologies. Unlike most of the current solutions, LEMMA's time-slot allocation protocol makes decisions based on the interference actually experienced by the nodes, instead of following the simple but potentially ineffective n-hop approach. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the ineffectiveness of the n-hop time-slot allocation in comparison with LEMMA, as well as to evaluate the performance of LEMMA against L-MAC, T-MAC and Low Power Listening. The results show that under the target scenario conditions, LEMMA presents lower interference between assigned time-slots and lower end-to-end latency, while matching its best contender in terms of energy-efficiency.