Block sorting: a characterization and some heuristics

  • Authors:
  • Meena Mahajan;Raghavan Rama;S. Vijayakumar

  • Affiliations:
  • The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, India;Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, India;Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India

  • Venue:
  • Nordic Journal of Computing
  • Year:
  • 2007

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Abstract

Given a permutation π, the block sorting problem is to find a shortest series of block moves which, when applied in succession, sorts π. Here a block is a maximal substring of successive integers in order, and a block move is the displacement of a block to a location where it merges with another block, block sorting is an NP-hard optimization problem and has a factor 2 approximation algorithm. In this paper, we present a combinatorial characterization of optimal solutions of block sorting and use it to prove various computationally important properties of the problem. In particular, we identify certain block moves that are provably optimal. We also establish the equivalence of block sorting and a combinatorial puzzle. We consider several polynomial-time heuristics for block sorting that are inspired either by the above-mentioned combinatorial characterization, or by the approach that was based on the block merging problem, or both. Although these heuristics seem to be promising candidates for improving the approximation ratio (their approximation ratios are provably at most 2), we show that none of them leads to a better approximation ratio than 2.