Integration and synchronization of input modes during multimodal human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Interpreting symptoms of cognitive load in speech input
UM '99 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on User modeling
Ten myths of multimodal interaction
Communications of the ACM
Multimedia Learning
Potential speech features for cognitive load measurement
OZCHI '07 Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces
Automatic cognitive load detection from speech features
OZCHI '07 Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces
Review: Integrating cognitive load theory and concepts of human-computer interaction
Computers in Human Behavior
Teaching athletes cognitive skills: detecting cognitive load in speech input
BCS '10 Proceedings of the 24th BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference
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Measuring a user's level of cognitive load while they are interacting with the system could offer another dimension to the development of adaptable user interfaces. High levels of cognitive load affect performance and efficiency. However, current methods of measuring cognitive load are physically intrusive and interrupt the task flow. Certain speech features have been shown to change under high levels of load and are good candidates for cognitive load indices for usability evaluation and automatic adaptation of an interface or work environment. A speech-based dual-task user study is presented in which we explore the behaviour of speech pause features in natural speech. The experiment yielded new results confirming that speech pauses are useful indicators of high load versus low load speech. We report an increase in the percentage of time spent pausing from low load to high load tasks. We interpret these results within the framework of Baddeley's modal model of working memory and detail how such a measure could be utilized in the cognitive load measurement.