Effects of spatial audio on memory, comprehension, and preference during desktop conferences
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
In-car cell phone use: mitigating risk by signaling remote callers
CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
3D sound interactive environments for problem solving
Proceedings of the 7th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Using Multivariate Statistics (5th Edition)
Using Multivariate Statistics (5th Edition)
On the evaluation of the conversational speech quality in telecommunications
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing
Yelling in the hall: using sidetone to address a problem with mobile remote presence systems
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
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Though legislation is increasingly discouraging drivers from holding on to their mobile phones while talking, hands-free devices do not improve driver safety. We offer two design alternatives to improve driver safety in the contexts of voice-based user interfaces and mobile phone conversations in cars' side tones (auditory feedback used in landline phones) and location of speakers. In a 2 (side tone: present vs. not) x 2 (location of speakers: headphones vs. dashboard) between-participants experiment (N=48), we investigated the impact of these features upon driver experience and performance on a simulated mobile phone conversation while driving. Participants became more verbally engaged in the conversation when side tones were present, but also experienced more cognitive load. Participants drove more safely when voices were projected from the dashboard rather than from headphones. Implications for driver user interface design are discussed.