Applied cryptography (2nd ed.): protocols, algorithms, and source code in C
Applied cryptography (2nd ed.): protocols, algorithms, and source code in C
A Stochastic Approach to Content Adaptive Digital Image Watermarking
IH '99 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Information Hiding
A Contrast-Sensitive Visible Watermarking Scheme
IEEE MultiMedia
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
Cryptanalysis of “wavelet tree quantization” watermarking scheme
IWDC'04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Distributed Computing
Cryptanalysis of optimal differential energy watermarking (DEW) and a modified robust scheme
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Cocktail watermarking for digital image protection
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Optimal differential energy watermarking of DCT encoded images and video
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Multipurpose watermarking for image authentication and protection
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Wavelet tree quantization for copyright protection watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Service-oriented grid computing system for digital rights management (GC-DRM)
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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Wavelet tree based watermarking algorithms are using the wavelet coefficient energy difference for copyright protection and ownership verification. WTQ (Wavelet Tree Quantization) algorithm is the representative technique using energy difference for watermarking. According to the cryptanalysis on WTQ, the watermark embedded in the protected image can be removed successfully. In this paper, we present a novel differential energy watermarking algorithm based on the wavelet tree group modulation structure, i.e. WTGM (Wavelet Tree Group Modulation). The wavelet coefficients of host image are divided into disjoint super trees (each super tree containing two sub-super trees). The watermark is embedded in the relatively high-frequency components using the group strategy such that energies of sub-super trees are close. The employment of wavelet tree structure, sum-of-subsets and positive/negative modulation effectively improve the drawbacks of the WTQ scheme for its insecurity. The integration of the HVS (Human Visual System) for WTGM provides a better visual effect of the watermarked image. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in terms of robustness and imperceptibility.