A Contrast-Sensitive Visible Watermarking Scheme
IEEE MultiMedia
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
A visible watermarking algorithm based on the content and contrast aware (COCOA) technique
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
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IWDC'04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Distributed Computing
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IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Cocktail watermarking for digital image protection
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Optimal differential energy watermarking of DCT encoded images and video
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Wavelet tree quantization for copyright protection watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A new, fast, and efficient image codec based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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In this paper, we present a novel dynamic energy enabled differentiation (DEED) watermarking algorithm based on the wavelet tree classification and human visual system (HVS). The wavelet coefficients of the image are divided into disjoint trees and a wavelet tree consists of 21 coefficients which are divided into 6 blocks. One watermark bit is embedded into one wavelet tree using the energy differentiation of positive and negative modulation between coefficients of each block. In addition, the contrast sensitive function (CSF) of human visual system is also considered for better weighting in watermarking since the wavelet coefficients across the subbands perform different characteristics and importance. As DEED still requires extra storage of side information during the extraction and results non-blind watermarking approach, a random direction differentiation approach called DEEDR is then proposed which is a truly blind watermarking technique. This study has performed intensive comparison for the proposed scheme with other tree energy differentiation based techniques like WTQ, ABW-TMD and WTGM under various geometric and nongeometric attacks. From the experimental results, the advantage of DEED based algorithms is not only with low complexity, but also outperforms WTGM and WTQ in terms of robustness and imperceptibility of watermarking.