International Journal of Man-Machine Studies - Special Issue: Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-based Systems. Part 5
Learning internal representations by error propagation
Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 1
C4.5: programs for machine learning
C4.5: programs for machine learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Self-Organizing Maps
Machine Learning
A review of machine learning in dynamic scheduling of flexible manufacturing systems
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Clustering of the self-organizing map
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Study of SOM-based intelligent multi-controller for real-time scheduling
Applied Soft Computing
Computers and Industrial Engineering
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Most of the research on machine learning-based real-time scheduling (RTS) systems has been aimed toward product constant mix environments. However, in a product mix variety manufacturing environment, the scheduling knowledge base (KB) is dynamic; therefore, it would be interesting to develop a procedure that would automatically modify the scheduling knowledge when important changes occur in the manufacturing system. All of the machine learning-based RTS systems (including a KB refinement mechanism) proposed in earlier studies periodically require the addition of new training samples and regeneration of new KBs. Hence, previous approaches investigating machine learning-based RTS systems have been confronted with the training data overflow problem and an increase in the scheduling KB building time, which are unsuitable for RTS control. The objective of this paper is to develop a KB class selection mechanism that can be supported in various product mix ratio environments. Hence, the RTS KB is developed by a two-level decision tree (DT) learning approach. First, a suitable scheduling KB class is selected. Then, for each KB class, the best (proper) dispatching rule is selected for the next scheduling period. Here, the proposed two-level DT RTS system comprises five key components: (1) training samples generation mechanism, (2) GA/DT-based feature selection mechanism, (3) building a KB class label by a two-level self-organizing map, (4) DT-based KB class selection module, and (5) DT-based dynamic dispatching rule selection module. The proposed two-level DT-based KB RTS system yields better system performance than that by a one-level DT-based RTS system and heuristic individual dispatching rules in a flexible manufacturing system under various performance criteria over a long period.