Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection
Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection
Genetic algorithms + data structures = evolution programs (2nd, extended ed.)
Genetic algorithms + data structures = evolution programs (2nd, extended ed.)
Context-sensitive statistics for improved grammatical language models
AAAI '94 Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on Artificial intelligence (vol. 1)
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
A genetic programming approach for robust language interpretation
Advances in genetic programming
Machine Learning - Special issue on inducive logic programming
Statistical Language Learning
A Parallel Evolutionary Algorithm for Stochastic Natural Language Parsing
PPSN VII Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
Part-of-Speech Tagging with Evolutionary Algorithms
CICLing '02 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing
Building a large annotated corpus of English: the penn treebank
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on using large corpora: II
New figures of merit for best-first probabilistic chart parsing
Computational Linguistics
A maximum-entropy-inspired parser
NAACL 2000 Proceedings of the 1st North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics conference
A new statistical parser based on bigram lexical dependencies
ACL '96 Proceedings of the 34th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Automatic compensation for parser figure-of-merit flaws
ACL '99 Proceedings of the 37th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Computational Linguistics
Accurate unlexicalized parsing
ACL '03 Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 1
AAAI'96 Proceedings of the thirteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Statistical parsing with a context-free grammar and word statistics
AAAI'97/IAAI'97 Proceedings of the fourteenth national conference on artificial intelligence and ninth conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Symbiosis of evolutionary techniques and statistical natural language processing
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
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This article aims to show the effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms in automatically parsing sentences of real texts. Parsing methods based on complete search techniques are limited by the exponential increase of the size of the search space with the size of the grammar and the length of the sentences to be parsed. Approximated methods, such as evolutionary algorithms, can provide approximate results, adequate to deal with the indeterminism that ambiguity introduces in natural language processing. This work investigates different alternatives to implement an evolutionary bottom-up parser. Different genetic operators have been considered and evaluated. We focus on statistical parsing models to establish preferences among different parses. It is not our aim to propose a new statistical model for parsing but a new algorithm to perform the parsing once the model has been defined. The training data are extracted from syntactically annotated corpora (treebanks) which provide sets of lexical and syntactic tags as well as the grammar in which the parsing is based. We have tested the system with two corpora: Susanne and Penn Treebank, obtaining very encouraging results.