Vocal communication of emotion: a review of research paradigms
Speech Communication - Special issue on speech and emotion
Ensemble methods for spoken emotion recognition in call-centres
Speech Communication
Applying an analysis of acted vocal emotions to improve the simulation of synthetic speech
Computer Speech and Language
Emotional style conversion in the TTS system with cepstral description
COST 2102'07 Proceedings of the 2007 COST action 2102 international conference on Verbal and nonverbal communication behaviours
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Special speech synthesis for social network websites
TSD'10 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Text, speech and dialogue
Influence of visual stimuli on evaluation of converted emotional speech by listening tests
COST'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication and Enactment
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Emotional state of a speaker is accompanied by physiological changes affecting respiration, phonation, and articulation. These changes are manifested mainly in prosodic patterns of F0, energy, and duration, but also in segmental parameters of speech spectrum. Therefore, our new emotional speech synthesis method is supplemented with spectrum modification. It comprises non-linear frequency scale transformation of speech spectral envelope, filtering for emphasizing low or high frequency range, and controlling of spectral noise by spectral flatness measure according to knowledge of psychological and phonetic research. The proposed spectral modification is combined with linear modification of F0 mean, F0 range, energy, and duration. Speech resynthesis with applied modification that should represent joy, anger and sadness is evaluated by a listening test.