Black-Box Constructions of Two-Party Protocols from One-Way Functions

  • Authors:
  • Rafael Pass;Hoeteck Wee

  • Affiliations:
  • Cornell University,;Queens College, CUNY,

  • Venue:
  • TCC '09 Proceedings of the 6th Theory of Cryptography Conference on Theory of Cryptography
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

We exhibit constructions of the following two-party cryptographic protocols given only black-box access to a one-way function: constant-round zero-knowledge arguments (of knowledge) for any language in NP; constant-round trapdoor commitment schemes; constant-round parallel coin-tossing. Previous constructions either require stronger computational assumptions (e.g. collision-resistant hash functions), non-black-box access to a one-way function, or a super-constant number of rounds. As an immediate corollary, we obtain a constant-round black-box construction of secure two-party computation protocols starting from only semi-honest oblivious transfer. In addition, by combining our techniques with recent constructions of concurrent zero-knowledge and non-malleable primitives, we obtain black-box constructions of concurrent zero-knowledge arguments for NP and non-malleable commitments starting from only one-way functions.