Mastering the dynamics of innovation: how companies can seize opportunities in the face of technological change
The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail
The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail
The Market Evolution and Sales Takeoff of Product Innovations
Management Science
Editorial: Does Good Marketing Cause Bad Unemployment?
Marketing Science
Research on Innovation: A Review and Agenda for Marketing Science
Marketing Science
Brands and Branding: Research Findings and Future Priorities
Marketing Science
Adaptive Idea Screening Using Consumers
Marketing Science
International Journal of Strategic Information Technology and Applications
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Innovation research tends to consider only the post-commercialization period or examine a few innovations through case studies. In this study, we examine 29 radical innovations from initial concept to mass-market commercialization. We find that these innovations were developed over an average of at least 50 years and divide this long development period into four distinct stages---conceptualization, gestation, early incubation, and late incubation. We find that the duration of a stage is longer when different firms lead product development at the beginning and end of the stage. These changes in product development leaders happen frequently, e.g., 76% of firms that were first to commercialize an innovation failed to launch it in the broader market. We also find that the time-to-takeoff for a product category is significantly related to the duration of the preceding late incubation stage. In addition, we find four different ways in which radical innovations borrow from prior seemingly unrelated innovations. We report many other findings on when (duration times), by whom (product development leaders), and how (technology borrowing) radical innovations are developed.