Scalability and accuracy in a large-scale network emulator
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
A Generic Framework for Parallelization of Network Simulations
MASCOTS '99 Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems
An integrated experimental environment for distributed systems and networks
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review - OSDI '02: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Real-Time Network Emulation with ns-2
DS-RT '04 Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications
Limitations of network emulation with single-machine and distributed ns-3
Proceedings of the 3rd International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques
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ns-2 is a well known network simulator, recently extended with improvements to its emulation facility. Real-time constraints and the boundary between real-world and simulated entities impose scalability and accuracy limitations, and distort the simulated network as perceived by the involved real-world applications. This paper presents results from a performance evaluation of the ns-2 emulation facility. Conducting emulation experiments of differing magnitudes, and under varying emulation environment set-ups, we unveil central types of scalability limitations and obtainable accuracy. We find throughput limits using high and low end computers, and a significant throughput decrease when increasing the number of involved real-world applications. We furthermore show how end-to-end delay increases both with traffic load and an increasing number of involved real-world applications. Moreover, during these conditions, we find that the system treats these applications increasingly unfair by distributing total throughput unevenly between them, and by imposing different amounts of end-to-end delay.