A Generic Framework for Parallelization of Network Simulations
MASCOTS '99 Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems
Network Emulation in the Vint/NS Simulator
ISCC '99 Proceedings of the The Fourth IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications
Real-Time Network Emulation with ns-2
DS-RT '04 Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications
An integrated experimental environment for distributed systems and networks
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Scalability and accuracy in a large-scale network emulator
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
ns-2 distributed clients emulation: accuracy and scalability
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques
AIST: insights into queuing and loss on highly multiplexed links
Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 20th International Workshop on Quality of Service
Proceedings of the 15th ACM international conference on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Modeling communication software execution for accurate simulation of distributed systems
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSIM conference on Principles of advanced discrete simulation
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ns-2 is a well known network simulator, recently extended with improvements to its emulation facility. Real-time constraints and the boundary between real-world and simulated entities impose scalability and accuracy limitations, and distort the simulated network as perceived by the involved real-world applications. This paper presents results from a performance evaluation of the ns-2 emulation facility. By carrying out emulation experiments at different scales and in different scenarios, we identify scalability limitations and quantify the emulation accuracy. We find throughput limits using high- and low-end computers, and a significant throughput decrease when increasing the number of involved real-world applications. Furthermore, we show how the end-to-end delay increases with both the traffic load and the number of real-world applications. In experiments with many applications, we also uncover significant variations in throughput and end-to-end delay among flows. Finally, our jitter measurements indicate how kernel scheduling causing bursty traffic transmission is responsible for most jitter. This effect is most often relatively modest, yet somewhat variable for experiments including several applications. Based on analysis of our results, we propose a set of modifications of the system that improves the performance. Our implementation of one of these modifications are demonstrated to increase throughput significantly while reducing the variation among flows. Implementation and evaluation of the remaining modifications is reserved for future work.