Visual Interpretation of Hand Gestures for Human-Computer Interaction: A Review
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Real-Time American Sign Language Recognition Using Desk and Wearable Computer Based Video
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A framework for recognizing the simultaneous aspects of American sign language
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Modeling people toward vision-based underatanding of a person's shape, appearance, and movement
A System for Person-Independent Hand Posture Recognition against Complex Backgrounds
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognition of gestures in Arabic sign language using neuro-fuzzy systems
Artificial Intelligence
Vision-Based Gesture Recognition: A Review
GW '99 Proceedings of the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction
HMM-Based Continuous Sign Language Recognition Using Stochastic Grammars
GW '99 Proceedings of the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction
Towards an Automatic Sign Language Recognition System Using Subunits
GW '01 Revised Papers from the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture and Sign Languages in Human-Computer Interaction
A Real-Time Continuous Gesture Recognition System for Sign Language
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
A SRN/HMM System for Signer-Independent Continuous Sign Language Recognition
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Signer-Independent Sign Language Recognition Based on SOFM/HMM
RATFG-RTS '01 Proceedings of the IEEE ICCV Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems (RATFG-RTS'01)
Investigating spoken Arabic digits in speech recognition setting
Information Sciences—Informatics and Computer Science: An International Journal
Recognition of Arabic sign language alphabet using polynomial classifiers
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
A Chinese sign language recognition system based on SOFM/SRN/HMM
Pattern Recognition
A dynamic gesture recognition system for the Korean sign language (KSL)
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Sign language recognition using a combination of new vision based features
Pattern Recognition Letters
Computers and Electrical Engineering
Low cost remote gaze gesture recognition in real time
Applied Soft Computing
Thai sign language translation using Scale Invariant Feature Transform and Hidden Markov Models
Pattern Recognition Letters
Hidden Markov model for human to computer interaction: a study on human hand gesture recognition
Artificial Intelligence Review
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Sign language in Arab World has been recently recognized and documented. There have been no serious attempts to develop a recognition system that can be used as a communication means between hearing-impaired and other people. This paper introduces the first automatic Arabic sign language (ArSL) recognition system based on hidden Markov models (HMMs). A large set of samples has been used to recognize 30 isolated words from the Standard Arabic sign language. The system operates in different modes including offline, online, signer-dependent, and signer-independent modes. Experimental results on using real ArSL data collected from deaf people demonstrate that the proposed system has high recognition rate for all modes. For signer-dependent case, the system obtains a word recognition rate of 98.13%, 96.74%, and 93.8%, on the training data in offline mode, on the test data in offline mode, and on the test data in online mode respectively. On the other hand, for signer-independent case the system obtains a word recognition rate of 94.2% and 90.6% for offline and online modes respectively. The system does not rely on the use of data gloves or other means as input devices, and it allows the deaf signers to perform gestures freely and naturally.