A State-Based Approach to the Representation and Recognition of Gesture
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
CONDENSATION—Conditional Density Propagation forVisual Tracking
International Journal of Computer Vision
An HMM-Based Threshold Model Approach for Gesture Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A framework for recognizing the simultaneous aspects of American sign language
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Modeling people toward vision-based underatanding of a person's shape, appearance, and movement
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume I - Volume I
High Performance Real-Time Gesture Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models
Proceedings of the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture and Sign Language in Human-Computer Interaction
Toward Scalability in ASL Recognition: Breaking Down Signs into Phonemes
GW '99 Proceedings of the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction
Towards an Automatic Sign Language Recognition System Using Subunits
GW '01 Revised Papers from the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture and Sign Languages in Human-Computer Interaction
ARGo: An Architecture for Sign Language Recognition and Interpretation
Proceedings of Gesture Workshop on Progress in Gestural Interaction
A Real-Time Continuous Gesture Recognition System for Sign Language
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
A Continuous Chinese Sign Language Recognition System
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Partly-Hidden Markov Model and its Application to Gesture Recognition
ICASSP '97 Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP '97) -Volume 4 - Volume 4
New Improved Feature Extraction Methods for Real-Time High Performance Image Sequence Recognition
ICASSP '97 Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP '97) -Volume 4 - Volume 4
A SRN/HMM System for Signer-Independent Continuous Sign Language Recognition
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
ASL Recognition Based on a Coupling Between HMMs and 3D Motion Analysis
ICCV '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision
Hidden Markov Model Based Continuous Online Gesture Recognition
ICPR '98 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition-Volume 2 - Volume 2
A Novel Approach to Automatically Extracting Basic Units from Chinese Sign Language
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 4 - Volume 04
A vision-based sign language recognition system using tied-mixture density HMM
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Model Structure Selection and Training Algorithms for an HMM Gesture Recognition System
IWFHR '04 Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
Recognition of sign language subwords based on boosted hidden Markov models
ICMI '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Australian sign language recognition
Machine Vision and Applications
American sign language recognition in game development for deaf children
Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Sign Language Recognition Based on Position and Movement Using Multi-Stream HMM
ISUC '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Second International Symposium on Universal Communication
SignTutor: An Interactive System for Sign Language Tutoring
IEEE MultiMedia
Video-based signer-independent Arabic sign language recognition using hidden Markov models
Applied Soft Computing
Sign Language Number Recognition
NCM '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Fifth International Joint Conference on INC, IMS and IDC
A Chinese sign language recognition system based on SOFM/SRN/HMM
Pattern Recognition
American Sign Language Phrase Verification in an Educational Game for Deaf Children
ICPR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition
Transition movement models for large vocabulary continuous sign language recognition
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Survey on classifying human actions through visual sensors
Artificial Intelligence Review
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Modeling and recognition of hand gesture using colored Petri nets
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Glove-Talk: a neural network interface between a data-glove and a speech synthesizer
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
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Human hand recognition plays an important role in a wide range of applications ranging from sign language translators, gesture recognition, augmented reality, surveillance and medical image processing to various Human Computer Interaction (HCI) domains. Human hand is a complex articulated object consisting of many connected parts and joints. Therefore, for applications that involve HCI one can find many challenges to establish a system with high detection and recognition accuracy for hand posture and/or gesture. Hand posture is defined as a static hand configuration without any movement involved. Meanwhile, hand gesture is a sequence of hand postures connected by continuous motions. During the past decades, many approaches have been presented for hand posture and/or gesture recognition. In this paper, we provide a survey on approaches which are based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM) for hand posture and gesture recognition for HCI applications.