GPS-Free Positioning in Mobile ad-hoc Networks
HICSS '01 Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences ( HICSS-34)-Volume 9 - Volume 9
Geographic routing without location information
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
HEED: A Hybrid, Energy-Efficient, Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad Hoc Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
A Scalable Logical Coordinates Framework for Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
RTSS '04 Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
International Journal of Network Management
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ACM SIGBED Review - Special issue on embedded sensor networks and wireless computing
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Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
On delivery guarantees of face and combined greedy-face routing in ad hoc and sensor networks
Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Geographic routing made practical
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Beacon vector routing: scalable point-to-point routing in wireless sensornets
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Algorithms for ad hoc and sensor networks
Computer Communications
An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
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IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Implementation of gradient routing in wireless sensor networks
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
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Proceedings of the 6th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference
Experimental analysis and characterization of a wireless sensor network environment
Proceedings of the 7th ACM workshop on Performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor, and ubiquitous networks
Combining trust with location information for routing in wireless sensor networks
Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing
1-D coordinate based on local information for MAC and routing issues in WSNs
ADHOC-NOW'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks
A Novel Trust-Aware Geographical Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
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Geographic routing has received increasing attention in the context of Wireless Sensor Networks since it frees the network from the energy-demanding task of building and maintaining a structure. It requires however each node to know its position, which may be a prohibitive assumption for many applications. To this end, some prior work has focused on inferring a node's location from a set of location-aware anchor nodes. In this work, we free ourselves from positioning techniques and anchor nodes altogether, and introduce and analyze the concept of virtual coordinates. These coordinates are chosen randomly when a node is switched on, and are updated each time the node relays a packet. As this process goes on, the virtual coordinates of the nodes converge to a near-optimal state. When using a greedy geographic approach on top of these coordinates, we show that the number of hops to reach the destination exceeds the shortest path by a few percent only. Moreover, our approach guarantees delivery even when nodes appear/disappear in the network, and under realistic transmission models. We analytically prove the correctness of our protocol. Moreover, extensive simulations are used to show that our position-free solution outperforms existing geographic protocols - such as Greedy-Face-Greedy (GFG) or Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) - in terms of energy-efficiency, path length and robustness.