Axiomatizing rational power series over natural numbers

  • Authors:
  • S. L. Bloom;Z. Ésik

  • Affiliations:
  • Dept. of Computer Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA;Dept. of Computer Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

  • Venue:
  • Information and Computation
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

Iteration semi-rings are Conway semi-rings satisfying Conway's group identities. We show that the semi-rings N^r^a^t of rational power series with coefficients in the semi-ring N of natural numbers are the free partial iteration semi-rings. Moreover, we characterize the semi-rings N"~"^"r"^"a"^"t as the free semi-rings in the variety of iteration semi-rings defined by three additional simple identities, where N"~ is the completion of N obtained by adding a point of infinity. We also show that this latter variety coincides with the variety generated by the complete, or continuous semirings. As a consequence of these results, we obtain that the semi-rings N"~^r^a^t, equipped with the sum order, are free in the class of symmetric inductive ^*-semi-rings. This characterization corresponds to Kozen's axiomatization of regular languages.