The Gene-Duplication Problem: Near-Linear Time Algorithms for NNI-Based Local Searches

  • Authors:
  • Mukul S. Bansal;Oliver Eulenstein;André Wehe

  • Affiliations:
  • Iowa State University, Ames;Iowa State University, Ames;Iowa State University, Ames

  • Venue:
  • IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB)
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

The gene-duplication problem is to infer a species supertree from a collection of gene trees that are confounded by complex histories of gene-duplication events. This problem is NP-complete and thus requires efficient and effective heuristics. Existing heuristics perform a stepwise search of the tree space, where each step is guided by an exact solution to an instance of a local search problem. A classical local search problem is the {\tt NNI} search problem, which is based on the nearest neighbor interchange operation. In this work, we 1) provide a novel near-linear time algorithm for the {\tt NNI} search problem, 2) introduce extensions that significantly enlarge the search space of the {\tt NNI} search problem, and 3) present algorithms for these extended versions that are asymptotically just as efficient as our algorithm for the {\tt NNI} search problem. The exceptional speedup achieved in the extended {\tt NNI} search problems makes the gene-duplication problem more tractable for large-scale phylogenetic analyses. We verify the performance of our algorithms in a comparison study using sets of large randomly generated gene trees.