Self organized learning applied to global positioning system (GPS) data
SSIP'06 Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Signal, Speech and Image Processing
Time synchronizing signal by GPS satellites
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMMUNICATIONS
High precision antenna design with hybrid feeds for GPS requirements
ELECTROSCIENCE'07 Proceedings of the 5th conference on Applied electromagnetics, wireless and optical communications
WSEAS Transactions on Computers
A convex optimization approach to GPS receiver tracking loop design
WSEAS Transactions on Systems and Control
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The Earth's ionosphere plays a crucial role in Global Positioning System (GPS) accuracy because his layer represents the largest source of positioning error for the users of the GPS after the turn-off of Selective Availability (SA). This paper studies the ionospheric effect on transionospheric signal propagation for the Earth-satellite path using 3D Jones Ray-Tracing utilizing Nelder-Mead optimisation algorithm. The ionospheric delay or advance is obtained from the difference between the distance of the ray path from the satellite to the receiver determined from the ray-tracing and the distance for propagation over the line of sight (LOS) at the velocity of light in vacuum. The difference between the standard dual-frequency models corrected range and LOS, known as Residual Range Error (RRE) is calculated. Results show that the RRE of group delay value is different from RRE of phase advance. On the other hand, the group and phase path is longer when considering the geomagnetic field effect on both GPS frequencies L1 and L2. The higher order term in total electron content (TEC) calculation that relates to the refractive index is normally neglected due to its small value, but it is clearly shown that it does have some effects in ray-tracing. This analysis needs to be considered for more accurate GPS range finding.