Modeling TCP throughput: a simple model and its empirical validation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Performance of Short TCP Transfers
NETWORKING '00 Proceedings of the IFIP-TC6 / European Commission International Conference on Broadband Communications, High Performance Networking, and Performance of Communication Networks
A passive state-machine approach for accurate analysis of TCP out-of-sequence segments
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Predicting short-transfer latency from TCP arcana: a trace-based validation
IMC '05 Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet Measurement
On the interaction between internet applications and TCP
ITC20'07 Proceedings of the 20th international teletraffic conference on Managing traffic performance in converged networks
TCP and web browsing performance in case of bi-directional packet loss
Computer Communications
Understanding the impact of the access technology: the case of web search services
TMA'11 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Traffic monitoring and analysis
Detecting and profiling TCP connections experiencing abnormal performance
TMA'12 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Traffic Monitoring and Analysis
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Performance of short TCP transfers, e.g., Web browsing, has a direct impact on the way users perceive the health of their Internet access. It is a common belief that TCP performs better with large than with short transfers, as the latters are more likely to time-out and their duration is dominated by the RTT. In this paper, we revisit the performance of short TCP transfers. We highlight the interplay between TCP and the application on top. We show that while losses can have a detrimental impact on short TCP transfers, the application significantly affects the transfer time of almost all short - and even long - flows in a variety of way. Indeed, the application can induce extremely large tear-down times and it can also slow the rate of actual TCP transfers or affect the ability of TCP to recover using Fast Retransmit/Fast Recovery. We illustrate our findings using several traces from realistic networks including DSL, wireless hotspot and a research lab traffic.