Large-Scale RTT Measurements from an Operational UMTS/GPRS Network
WICON '05 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Wireless Internet
Generic access network emulation for NGN testbeds
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Testbeds and research infrastructures for the development of networks & communities
A Generic Approach to Access Network Modeling for Next Generation Network Applications
ICNS '08 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Networking and Services
Traffic analysis at short time-scales: an empirical case study from a 3G cellular network
IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management
Traffic monitoring and analysis for the optimization of a 3G network
IEEE Wireless Communications
Dissecting 3G uplink delay by measuring in an operational HSPA network
PAM'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Passive and active measurement
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The delay experienced by mobile applications in HSPA networks depends to a large extent on highly dynamical global context like, e.g., cell load or algorithms and thresholds governing radio resource scheduling, and on local context like, e.g., user-generated load or load history. These complex uncertainty factors are outside of an application's sphere of influence and result in applications perceiving HSPA link behavior as non-deterministic and non-reproducible. This paper analyzes accurate round-trip and one-way delay measurement results for three public HSPA networks to demonstrate the high degree of network non-determinism which mobile applications are likely to encounter in practice, particularly significant payload-dependence and halved delay on slightly increased user-generated link load. We argue that current HSPA radio link schedulers, relying on instantaneous user load as decision criterion for channel capacity allocation, neglect real-time application requirements. Cross-layer optimization is one solution which enables deterministic scheduler decisions based on application requirements.